Reconciliation and Social Action in Cyprus Citizens' Inertia and the Protracted State of Limbo
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Abstract
This paper will attempt to chart a normative framework for action for a social politics of reconciliation via a course for citizens’ action across the ethnic divide of Cyprus. It will attempt to consider the context and content of reconciliation in Cyprus at this time and examine the various ‘routes’ to reconciliation, in terms of locating their theoretical, philosophical and ethical points of reference. Whilst ‘reconciliation’ is something that normally takes place after a settlement, the groundwork (conceptual, political and societal) needs to begin whenever the potential is there: the protracted state of limbo that characterises the Cyprus problem as well as the opening of the checkpoints in April 2003 make the ideas of rapprochement, reconciliation and cooperation realisable en mass immediately. Also, the idea of
‘anchoring’ the reconciliation processes to the specific context of Cyprus is essential if the project is to survive, expand and be legitimised in the eyes of ‘ordinary’ people, institutions and political forces. The paper aims to locate the possible common threads that permeate the various ‘routes’; whilst at the same time it locates the limits and boundaries of ‘common’ elements. Moreover, the paper attempts to ‘demystify’ and deconstruct the concept in terms of the potential for ‘transformation’ of this particular ethno-national conflict. In this, we need to appreciate (a) the multi-dimensionality of ethno-national conflict within class-divided societies which manifest themselves in tandem with other contestations and (b) evaluate the processes by which ideas about ‘reconciliation’ become hegemonic, the role of social forces and the state(s). The paper then examines the potential for action by citizens and examines the tension within the concepts of citizenship, community, ethnos/nation and any project of ‘reconciliation’.
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Keywords
References
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Hidiroglou, A. (2005) ‘Multicultural Identity and Reconciliation in Cyprus’, Cyprus After a Solution – Reconciliation and Citizenship: A Trans Communal Concept for Social Action, Conference organised by SIMFILIOSI and IKME-BILBAN, 23 July 2005, Goethe Centre, Nicosia.
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Kaminer, R. (1996) The Politics of Protest. Brighton, Sussex Academic Press.
Kaymak, E. (2005) ‘Re-imagining a United Cyprus ’, Cyprus After a Solution – Reconciliation and Citizenship: A Trans Communal Concept for Social Action, Conference organised by SIMFILIOSI and IKME-BILBAN, 23 July 2005, Goethe Centre, Nicosia.
Kyrris, C. (1980) Peaceful Coexistence. Nicosia, PIO.
Kitromilides, P. (1977) ‘From Coexistence to Confrontation: The Dynamics of Ethnic Conflict in Cyprus’ in Attalides, A. (ed.), Cyprus Reviewed. Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Loizos, P. (1998) ‘How Might Greek-Cypriots and Turkish-Cypriots See Each Other More Clearly?’ in Kalotychos, V. (ed.), Cyprus and Its People, Nation, Identity, and Experience in an Unimaginable Community, 1955-1997. Oxford, Westview Press, pp. 35-52.
Lordos, A. and Faiz, M. (2005) ‘Options for Peace: Mapping the Possibilities for a Comprehensive Settlement in Cyprus’, at: [http://www.cypruspolls.org/OptionsForPeaceTextAndCharts.pdf], accessed June 2005.
Markides, K.C. (1977) The Rise and Fall of the Cyprus Republic. London, Yale University Press.
Milios, J. (2007) ‘The Inherent Totalitarianism of the Concept of Nations: The Example of the Greek Nation and the Reconciliation Process of Cyprus’, The Cyprus Review, Special Issue on Reconciliation, Vol. 19, No. 1 (Spring), pp. 181-186.
Panayiotou, A. (1999) ‘Island Radicals: The Emergence and Consolidation of the Left, 1920-1960’. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of California, Santa Cruz.
Papadakis, Y. (1993) ‘Perceptions of History and Collective: A Study of Contemporary Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot Nationalism’. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Cambridge.
Poulantzas, N. (1968) Political Power and Social Classes. London, NLB.
Poulantzas, N. (1974) Fascism and Dictatorship. London, NLB.
Poulantzas, N. (1975) Classes in Contemporary Capitalism. London, NLB.
Poulantzas, N. (1980) State, Power, Socialism. London, New Left Books.
Sant Cassia, P. (2005) Bodies of Evidence, Burial, Memory and the Recovery of Missing Persons in Cyprus. New York/Oxford, Berghahn Books.
Sitas, A. (2004a) ‘Beyond Racism: The Ethics of Reconciliation and the Reality of Reconciling’, UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity (2001), World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development, 21 May 2004, University of Cyprus, Nicosia.
Sitas, A. (2004b) Voices that Reason – Theoretical Parables. South Africa.
Sitas, A. (2007) ‘Reconciliation and Transformation: Lessons from South Africa?’, The Cyprus Review, Special Issue on Reconciliation, Vol. 19, No. 1 (Spring), pp. 171-179.
Sitas, A. and Latif, D. (2007) Prospects of Reconciliation, Co-Existence and Forgiveness in Cyprus – A Research Report. Nicosia, PRIO.
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“Reconciliation and Social Action in Cyprus: Citizens’ Inertia and the Protracted State of Limbo”. 2018. Cyprus Review 19 (1): 123-60. https://cyprusreview.org/index.php/cr/article/view/286.