The Republic of Cyprus and the European Union’s Maritime Security: A Case Study on Diplomatic Leadership and Strategic Influence in Maritime Affai

Abstract

This article explores the Republic of Cyprus’ multi-faceted contribution to European Union (EU) maritime policy, naval operations, and the humanitarian component of maritime security operations as of EU accession. The research questions focus on Cypriot participation in EU maritime security operations between 2008 and 2024, the rationale for these deployments, and the implications of its contributions. Methodologically, this study employs a qualitative analysis of primary and secondary sources to examine Cypriot engagement in maritime policy, diplomatic initiatives, and four naval operations. Despite the country’s modest size and limited capabilities, this research has found evidence of proactive and influential actorness in EU maritime policy and affairs. Findings reveal Cyprus showing unexpected leadership during the 2012 Presidency of the European Council, marked by the landmark Limassol Declaration, which revitalised the EU’s sustainable maritime agenda. Similarly, the country’s strategic engagement in four missions underscores its commitment to collective defence. Finally, their most recent initiative, Amalthea, addressed the Gaza humanitarian crisis with a maritime corridor, highlighting Cypriot diplomatic potential beyond the EU. Overall, the research concludes that the Cypriot case study serves as a compelling example of how small island States can exert significant influence within supranational organisations like the EU, shaping maritime policies and driving diplomatic agendas.