The Cyprus Family Planning Association and the Cyprus State A Review of a 50-Year-Old Relationship (1971-2021)
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Published
Oct 17, 2022
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
This paper analyses the relationship between the Cyprus State and the Cyprus Family Planning Association (CFPA) for all the CFPA’s existence in Cyprus (1971 to date). By reviewing relevant documents and interviewing people in the CFPA and the State, it argues that even though aspects of the relationship have changed through the years, it had never been confrontational; on the contrary, there was collaboration on a number of issues, in particular in providing services and information to various social groups, including workers in the government. One contentious issue was the introduction of sexuality education in schools, which was being discussed for several years. The CFPA used a variety of lobbying strategies, and despite a positive occasional response, the topic was not introduced in schools until 2012 when a variety of factors, such as government determination for educational reform, key people, and social attitudes, all contributed to its eventual introduction.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Keywords
Cyprus State, Cyprus Family Planning Association, relationship, sexuality education, lobbying
References
Alberta Health Services (n.d.), Instructional Methods, available at: https://teachingsexualhealth.
ca/teachers/sexual-health-education/understanding-your-role/
get-prepared/instructional-methods/ (last accessed 25 March 2022).
Anheier, H. (2005), Nonprofit Organizations. Theory, Management, Policy, New
York: Routledge
Bauman, Z. (2000), Liquid Modernity (Reprinted 2006), Cambridge: Polity Press
Beck, U. (1992), Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity (M. Ritter, Trans.), London:
SAGE Publications
Beck, U., Giddens, A., Lash, S. (1994), Reflexive Modernization: Politics, Tradition
and Aesthetics in the Modern Social Order, Stanford, Calif: Stanford Univ. Press
Beyers, J. (2004), ‘Voice and Access: Political Practices of European Interest Associations’
European Union Politics 5, 211–240
Beyond Hierarchy, Market and Networks’, Public Administration, 87(2), 351–370.
doi: http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2009.01759.x
Binderkrantz, A. (2005), ‘Interest Group Strategies: Navigating Between Privileged
Access and Strategies of Pressure’ Political Studies, 53, 694–715
Brinkerhoff Derick W. (1999), Exploring State–Civil Society Collaboration: Policy
Partnerships in Developing Countries, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly
28(4):59-86. DOI:10.1177/089976499773746438
Burt, R. S. (1992), Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition, Cambridge,
MA: Harvard University Press
Castells, M. (2010), The Rise of the Network Society: The Information Age: Economy,
Society, and Culture, John Wiley & Sons
Chalmers, A. W. (2012), ‘Trading Information for Access: Informational Lobbying
Strategies and Interest Group Access to the European Union’, Journal of European
Public Policy 20, 39–58.
Colli, F., Adriaensen, J. (2020), Lobbying the State or the Market? A framework to
Study Civil Society Organizations’ Strategic Behavior, Regulation & Governance,
14: 501-513, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12227
Coston, J. M. (1998), ‘A model and typology of government-NGO relationships’ Nonprofit
and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 27(3), 358–382.
Dekker, P. (2004), ‘The Netherlands: From private initiatives to non-profit hybrids
and back?’ in Evers, A., Laville, J. (eds) The Third Sector in Europe, Cheltenham:
Edward Elgar, 144–165.
Dellmuth, L. M., Tallberg, J. (2017), ‘Advocacy Strategies in Global Governance:
Inside versus Outside Lobbying’ Political Studies 65(3): 705-723, 708. doi:
10.1177/0032321716684356
Dür, A., Mateo, G. (2010), ‘Irish Associations and Lobbying on EU Legislation: Resources,
Access Points, and Strategies’, Irish Political Studies 25, 107–122.
Dür, A., Mateo, G. (2013), ‘Gaining Access or Going Public? Interest Group Strategies
in Five European Countries’, European Journal of Political Research 52,
660–686.
Eliassen, K. A., Sitter, N. (2008) Understanding Public Management, Los Angeles,
CA: SAGE Publications
Esmark, A. (2009), ‘The Functional Differentiation of Governance: Public Governance
Family Planning 2020 (n.d.), Advocating for change, 2012-2013 FP2020 Progress
Report, available at: http://2013-2014progress.familyplanning2020.org/advocating-
for-change (last accessed 25 March 2022).
Fattore, G., Dubois, H., Lapenta, A. (2012), ‘Measuring New Public Management and
Governance in Political Debate’, Public Administration Review, 77(2), 218–227,
doi: http://doi.org/10.111/j.1540-6210.2011.02497.x
Fioramonti, L., Heinrich, V. F. (2007), How Civil Society Influences Policy: A Comparative
Analysis of the CIVICUS Civil Society Index in Post-Communist Europe.
CIVICUS – World Alliance for Citizen Participation. https://www.civicus.
org/view/media/CIVICUS.ODI.Fioramonti.Heinrich.pdf
Fisher, J. (1993), The Road from Rio: Sustainable Development in the Non-governmental
Movement in the Third World, Westport CT Praeger publishers
Fowler, A. (1997), Striking a Balance: A Guide to Enhancing the Effectiveness of
Non-Governmental Organisations in International Development, London:
Earthscan
Frishtak, L. (1994), Governance Capacity and Economic Reform in Developing
Countries, Washington DC: World Bank technical of paper No. 254
Greenwood B. (2004), ‘Survival Strategies for Civil Society Organizations in China’,
The International Journal of Not-for-Profit Law, 6 (2)
Hood, C. (1991), ‘A Public Management for All Seasons?’, Public Administration,
69(1), 3–19
IPPF (n.d.), Riksförbundet för Sexuell Upplysning – Sweden, available at: https://
www.ippf.org/about-us/member-associations/sweden (last accessed, 25 July
2022).
Jenei, G., Kuti, E. (2007), The Third Sector and Civil Society, in Osborne, S. (ed.)
Third Sector in Europe: Prospects and Challenges, London: Routledge, 9–25
Kollman, K. (1998), Outside Lobbying: Public Opinion and Interest Group Strategies,
Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
Lewis, D. (1999), International Perspectives on Voluntary Action: Reshaping the
Third Sector, London: Earthscan
Lewis, D. (2000), ‘Building “Active” Partnership in Aid-recipient Countries: Lessons
from a Rural Development Project in Bangladesh’ in Osborne, S. P. (Org.) Public-
private Partnerships: Theory and Practice in International Perspective, London:
Routledge, 252-264
Lyotard, J. F. (2010), The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. (G. Bennington
& B. Massumi, Trans.) (Reprint), Minneapolis, Minn: Univ. of Minnesota
Press
MacDonald, T. (1997), Supporting Civil Society: The Political Role of Non-Governmental
Organizations in Central America, Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Mahoney C. Baumgartner, F. (2008), ‘Converging Perspectives on Interest Group
Research in Europe and America’, West European Politics, 31:6, 1253-1273,
doi: 10.1080/01402380802372688
Mahoney, C. (2007), ‘Lobbying Success in the United States and the European Union’,
Journal of Public Policy, 27(1), 35-56, doi:10.1017/S0143814X07000608
Metcalfe, L., Richards, S. (1990), Improving Public Management, SAGE
Michalowitz, I. (2004), EU Lobbying – Principals, Agents and Targets: Strategic
Interest Intermediation in EU-policy-making, Munster: Lit Verlag.
Pompidou Group, Council of Europe (2015), Government Interaction with Civil
Society. Policy paper on government interaction with civil society on drug policy
issues: Principles, Ways and Means, Opportunities and Challenges, available
at https://rm.coe.int/government-interaction-with-civil-society-policy-paper-
on-government-i/168075b9d9 (last accessed, 9 Oct 2021), 7.
Rothchild D. (1994), ‘Structuring State Society Relations in Africa to Work in Enabling
Political Environment’ in Widner, J. (ed) Economic Change in Political Liberalisation
in Sub-Saharan Africa, Baltimore John Hopkins University press,
201-227
Salamon, L. M., Sokolowski, S. W., List, R. (2003), Global Civil Society, Bloomfield:
Kumarian Press.
Smith, E., Godbole, R., Musila, R., Murunga, V., Zulu, E. (2013), Evidence for Family
Planning Advocacy, An Assessment of Decisionmakers’ and Advocates’ Needs
and Strategies in East Africa. Washington, DC: Futures Group, Health Policy
Project.
Smith S. R. and Grönbjerg K. (2006), Scope and Theory of Government–nonprofit
Relations, in Powell, W. Steinberg, R. (eds), The Nonprofit Sector – A Research
Handbook, (2nd edn). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 221–242
Wijkström, F., Zimmer, A. (2011), Nordic Civil Society at the Crossroads: Transforming
the Popular Movement Tradition, Baden-Baden: Nomos.
Zimmer, A. (1999), ‘Corporatism revisited. The legacy of history and the German
non-profit-Sector’, Voluntas 10(1): 37–49.
ca/teachers/sexual-health-education/understanding-your-role/
get-prepared/instructional-methods/ (last accessed 25 March 2022).
Anheier, H. (2005), Nonprofit Organizations. Theory, Management, Policy, New
York: Routledge
Bauman, Z. (2000), Liquid Modernity (Reprinted 2006), Cambridge: Polity Press
Beck, U. (1992), Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity (M. Ritter, Trans.), London:
SAGE Publications
Beck, U., Giddens, A., Lash, S. (1994), Reflexive Modernization: Politics, Tradition
and Aesthetics in the Modern Social Order, Stanford, Calif: Stanford Univ. Press
Beyers, J. (2004), ‘Voice and Access: Political Practices of European Interest Associations’
European Union Politics 5, 211–240
Beyond Hierarchy, Market and Networks’, Public Administration, 87(2), 351–370.
doi: http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2009.01759.x
Binderkrantz, A. (2005), ‘Interest Group Strategies: Navigating Between Privileged
Access and Strategies of Pressure’ Political Studies, 53, 694–715
Brinkerhoff Derick W. (1999), Exploring State–Civil Society Collaboration: Policy
Partnerships in Developing Countries, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly
28(4):59-86. DOI:10.1177/089976499773746438
Burt, R. S. (1992), Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition, Cambridge,
MA: Harvard University Press
Castells, M. (2010), The Rise of the Network Society: The Information Age: Economy,
Society, and Culture, John Wiley & Sons
Chalmers, A. W. (2012), ‘Trading Information for Access: Informational Lobbying
Strategies and Interest Group Access to the European Union’, Journal of European
Public Policy 20, 39–58.
Colli, F., Adriaensen, J. (2020), Lobbying the State or the Market? A framework to
Study Civil Society Organizations’ Strategic Behavior, Regulation & Governance,
14: 501-513, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12227
Coston, J. M. (1998), ‘A model and typology of government-NGO relationships’ Nonprofit
and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 27(3), 358–382.
Dekker, P. (2004), ‘The Netherlands: From private initiatives to non-profit hybrids
and back?’ in Evers, A., Laville, J. (eds) The Third Sector in Europe, Cheltenham:
Edward Elgar, 144–165.
Dellmuth, L. M., Tallberg, J. (2017), ‘Advocacy Strategies in Global Governance:
Inside versus Outside Lobbying’ Political Studies 65(3): 705-723, 708. doi:
10.1177/0032321716684356
Dür, A., Mateo, G. (2010), ‘Irish Associations and Lobbying on EU Legislation: Resources,
Access Points, and Strategies’, Irish Political Studies 25, 107–122.
Dür, A., Mateo, G. (2013), ‘Gaining Access or Going Public? Interest Group Strategies
in Five European Countries’, European Journal of Political Research 52,
660–686.
Eliassen, K. A., Sitter, N. (2008) Understanding Public Management, Los Angeles,
CA: SAGE Publications
Esmark, A. (2009), ‘The Functional Differentiation of Governance: Public Governance
Family Planning 2020 (n.d.), Advocating for change, 2012-2013 FP2020 Progress
Report, available at: http://2013-2014progress.familyplanning2020.org/advocating-
for-change (last accessed 25 March 2022).
Fattore, G., Dubois, H., Lapenta, A. (2012), ‘Measuring New Public Management and
Governance in Political Debate’, Public Administration Review, 77(2), 218–227,
doi: http://doi.org/10.111/j.1540-6210.2011.02497.x
Fioramonti, L., Heinrich, V. F. (2007), How Civil Society Influences Policy: A Comparative
Analysis of the CIVICUS Civil Society Index in Post-Communist Europe.
CIVICUS – World Alliance for Citizen Participation. https://www.civicus.
org/view/media/CIVICUS.ODI.Fioramonti.Heinrich.pdf
Fisher, J. (1993), The Road from Rio: Sustainable Development in the Non-governmental
Movement in the Third World, Westport CT Praeger publishers
Fowler, A. (1997), Striking a Balance: A Guide to Enhancing the Effectiveness of
Non-Governmental Organisations in International Development, London:
Earthscan
Frishtak, L. (1994), Governance Capacity and Economic Reform in Developing
Countries, Washington DC: World Bank technical of paper No. 254
Greenwood B. (2004), ‘Survival Strategies for Civil Society Organizations in China’,
The International Journal of Not-for-Profit Law, 6 (2)
Hood, C. (1991), ‘A Public Management for All Seasons?’, Public Administration,
69(1), 3–19
IPPF (n.d.), Riksförbundet för Sexuell Upplysning – Sweden, available at: https://
www.ippf.org/about-us/member-associations/sweden (last accessed, 25 July
2022).
Jenei, G., Kuti, E. (2007), The Third Sector and Civil Society, in Osborne, S. (ed.)
Third Sector in Europe: Prospects and Challenges, London: Routledge, 9–25
Kollman, K. (1998), Outside Lobbying: Public Opinion and Interest Group Strategies,
Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
Lewis, D. (1999), International Perspectives on Voluntary Action: Reshaping the
Third Sector, London: Earthscan
Lewis, D. (2000), ‘Building “Active” Partnership in Aid-recipient Countries: Lessons
from a Rural Development Project in Bangladesh’ in Osborne, S. P. (Org.) Public-
private Partnerships: Theory and Practice in International Perspective, London:
Routledge, 252-264
Lyotard, J. F. (2010), The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. (G. Bennington
& B. Massumi, Trans.) (Reprint), Minneapolis, Minn: Univ. of Minnesota
Press
MacDonald, T. (1997), Supporting Civil Society: The Political Role of Non-Governmental
Organizations in Central America, Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Mahoney C. Baumgartner, F. (2008), ‘Converging Perspectives on Interest Group
Research in Europe and America’, West European Politics, 31:6, 1253-1273,
doi: 10.1080/01402380802372688
Mahoney, C. (2007), ‘Lobbying Success in the United States and the European Union’,
Journal of Public Policy, 27(1), 35-56, doi:10.1017/S0143814X07000608
Metcalfe, L., Richards, S. (1990), Improving Public Management, SAGE
Michalowitz, I. (2004), EU Lobbying – Principals, Agents and Targets: Strategic
Interest Intermediation in EU-policy-making, Munster: Lit Verlag.
Pompidou Group, Council of Europe (2015), Government Interaction with Civil
Society. Policy paper on government interaction with civil society on drug policy
issues: Principles, Ways and Means, Opportunities and Challenges, available
at https://rm.coe.int/government-interaction-with-civil-society-policy-paper-
on-government-i/168075b9d9 (last accessed, 9 Oct 2021), 7.
Rothchild D. (1994), ‘Structuring State Society Relations in Africa to Work in Enabling
Political Environment’ in Widner, J. (ed) Economic Change in Political Liberalisation
in Sub-Saharan Africa, Baltimore John Hopkins University press,
201-227
Salamon, L. M., Sokolowski, S. W., List, R. (2003), Global Civil Society, Bloomfield:
Kumarian Press.
Smith, E., Godbole, R., Musila, R., Murunga, V., Zulu, E. (2013), Evidence for Family
Planning Advocacy, An Assessment of Decisionmakers’ and Advocates’ Needs
and Strategies in East Africa. Washington, DC: Futures Group, Health Policy
Project.
Smith S. R. and Grönbjerg K. (2006), Scope and Theory of Government–nonprofit
Relations, in Powell, W. Steinberg, R. (eds), The Nonprofit Sector – A Research
Handbook, (2nd edn). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 221–242
Wijkström, F., Zimmer, A. (2011), Nordic Civil Society at the Crossroads: Transforming
the Popular Movement Tradition, Baden-Baden: Nomos.
Zimmer, A. (1999), ‘Corporatism revisited. The legacy of history and the German
non-profit-Sector’, Voluntas 10(1): 37–49.
Section
Guest-Edited Section
Copyright: © University of Nicosia, Cyprus
All rights reserved.
No restrictions on photo-copying.
Quotations from The Cyprus Review are welcome, but acknowledgement of the source must be given.
How to Cite
“The Cyprus Family Planning Association and the Cyprus State: A Review of a 50-Year-Old Relationship (1971-2021)”. 2022. Cyprus Review 34 (1): 59-83. https://cyprusreview.org/index.php/cr/article/view/833.