The February 2008 Presidential Election in the Republic of Cyprus The Context, Dynamics and Outcome in Perspective
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Abstract
This paper studies the context, procedure and outcome of the February 2008 presidential election in the Republic of Cyprus. It primarily analyses the dynamics between the main actors that took part in the contestation of executive power; that is, the five main political parties and the campaigns of the three main candidates. It further outlines the effects of the main issues on the structure of political competition and preliminarily assesses the connection between the social and political level. While an element of surprise exists, there appears to be a pattern based on the behavioural aspects of the election that does not deviate from the diachronic culture of Cypriot political competition. The paper is divided into five sections: an introduction and outline of the paper’s rationale; a delineation of the election’s background and context; an analysis of the campaign period; an assessment of the results; and a conclusion on the absence or recurrence of those election-related characteristics that have been observed before.
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Keywords
Cyprus, elections, 2008, parties, political competition, election campaigns, election results
References
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Bosco, A. and Morlino, L. (2006) ‘What Changes in South European Parties? A Comparative Introduction’, South European Society and Politics, Vol. 11, Iss. 3, pp. 331-358.
Butt, S. (2006) ‘How Voters Evaluate Economic Competence: A Comparison between Parties In and Out of Power 2006’, Political Studies, Vol. 54, pp. 743-766.
Caramani, D. (2006) ‘Is there a European Electorate and What Does it Look Like? Evidence from Electoral Volatility Measures, 1976-2004’, West European Politics, Vol. 29, No.1, pp. 1-27.
Charalambous, G. (2007) ‘The Strongest Communists in Europe: Accounting for AKEL’s Electoral Success’, Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 425-456.
Charalambous, G. (2008) ‘The House of Representatives’ in Faustmann, H. and Ker-Lindsay, J. (eds.), The Politics and Government of Cyprus. Oxford: Peter Lange, pp. 143-168.
Christophorou, C. (2006) ‘Party Change and Development in Cyprus (1995-2005)’, South European Society and Politics, Vol. 11, Iss. 3, pp. 513-542.
Christophorou, C. (2008) ‘The Evolution of Greek Cypriot Party Politics’, in Faustmann, H and J. Ker-Lindsay, The Politics and Government of Cyprus. Oxford: Peter Lange, pp. 83-106.
Christophorou, C. (2008b) ‘A New Communist Surprise – What’s Next? Presidential Elections in the Republic of Cyprus, February 2008’, South European Society and Politics, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 217-235.
Dunphy, R. and Bale, T. (2007) ‘Red Flag Still Flying? Explaining AKEL – Cyprus Communist Anomaly’, Party Politics, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 287-304.
Faustmann, H. (2008) ‘Aspects of Political Culture in Cyprus’ in Faustmann, H. and Ker-Lindsay, J. (eds.), The Politics and Government of Cyprus. Oxford: Peter Lange, pp. 17-44.
Hadjikyriakos, A. and Christophorou, C. (1996) Vouleftikes: Istoria Arith oi Analisi [Parliamentary Elections: History, Numbers, Analysis]. Nicosia: Intercollege.
Ierodiakonou, L. (2003) Tethlasmeni Poria – Kypros 1959-2003, Politiko Systhma, Politikoi Thesmi, Diadromi Ekdhmokratismos [A Zigzag Course – Cyprus 1959-2003, Political System, Political Institutions, Democratization Process], Nicosia: Alithia.
Ioannou, G. (2008) ‘Beyond the Cypriot No: An Examination of its Rationale and a Vision of its Transcendence’, Paper presented at the Conference entitled: Rethinking Reconciliation and Cooperation with View to Reunification in Cyprus: Challenges for Citizens, Political and Social Actors, University of Nicosia, 21 June 2008.
Katsourides, G. (2003) ‘Europeanisation and Political Parties in Accession Countries: The Political Parties of Cyprus’, Paper presented for the EpsNet Plenary Conference.
Ker-Lindsay, J. (2006) ‘Presidential Power and Authority in the Republic of Cyprus’, Mediterranean Politics, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 1362-1395.
Koulermou, N. (2008) ‘Polos Enotitas: Nea Dinamiki Meta kai ti Stiriksi ton Kommaton DIKO kai EDEK’ [Pole of Unity: New Dynamic After the Support of DIKO and EDEK], Haravgi, 21 February 2008.
Mair, P. (2006) ‘Party System Change’ in Katz, R.S. and Crotty, W. Handbook of Party Politics. London: SAGE, pp. 63-74.
March, L. and Mudde, C. (2005) ‘What’s Left of the Radical Left? The European Radical Left after 1989: Decline and Mutation’, Comparative European Politics, No. 3, pp. 23-49.
Mavratsas, C. (2003) Ethniki Omopsichia kai Politiki Omofonia: H Atrofia tis Ellinokipriakis Koinonias ton Politon stis Aparches tou 21ou Aiona [National Unanimity and Political Consensus: The Atrophy of Greek-Cypriot Civil Society at the Dawn of the 21st Century]. Athens: Katarti.
Muller, W.C. and Strom, K. (1999) Policy, Office, Votes: How Political Parties Make Hard Decisions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Panagopoulos, C. (2006) Pos kai Yiati Psifisan oi Kiprioi: Oi Vouleftikes Ekloges tou 2006 [How and Why the Cypriots Voted: The Parliamentary Elections of 2006). Nicosia: Cyprus College.
Panayiotou, A. (1999) ‘Island Radicals: The Emergence and Consolidation of the Cypriot Left, 1920-60’. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of California, Santa Cruz.
Panebianco, A. (1988) Political Parties: Organisation and Power. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Przeworski, A. (1980) ‘Social Democracy as a Historical Phenomenon’, New Left Review, Vol. 20, pp. 2-58.
Reif, K. (1985) ‘Ten Second-Order Elections’ in Reif, K. Ten European Elections. Aldershot: Gower, pp. 1-36.
Schultz, K. (1995) ‘The Politics of the Political Business Cycle’, British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 25, pp. 79-99.
Sussman, G. (2006) ‘The Referendum as an Electoral Device in National Party Politics’, Politikon, Vol. 33, Iss. 3, pp. 259-275.
Trimikliniotis, N. (2006) ‘A Communist’s Post-Modern Power Dilemma: One Step Back, Two Steps Forward, “Soft No” and Hard Choices …’, The Cyprus Review, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 37-86.
Webster, C. (2005) ‘Division or Unification in Cyprus? The Role of Demographics, Attitudes and Part Inclination on Greek Cypriot Preferences for a Solution to the Cyprus Problem’, Ethnopolitics, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 299-309.
AKEL (1962) ‘To Programma tou AKEL’ [The Programme of AKEL] Nicosia: AKEL.
AKEL (1996) I Taxiki Diarthrosi tis Kipriakis Kinonias: Economikes kai Koinonikes Allages [The Class Structure of Cypriot Society: Economic and Social Changes] Nicosia: AKEL.
AKEL (2001) Apofasis kai Alla Dokoumenta 19ou Synedriou AKEL [Decisions and Other Documents of AKEL’s 19th Congress] Nicosia: AKEL.
AKEL (2002) Lecture A: TO AKEL kai I Politiki ton Simmaxion [AKEL and the Policy of Alliances] Nicosia: AKEL.
AKEL (2004)Programmatiki Diakiriksi Enopsi ton Evroeklogon 2004 [Programmatic Declaration for the European Elections 2004]. Nicosia: AKEL.
ANT1 (2008) ‘Dimoskopisi – Ekloges 2008’ [Poll-Elections 2008] carried out by EVRRESIS, 10 February 2008.
Chatzicostas, K . (2008) ‘O Dodekalogos tis Ittas’ [The Twelve Points of Defeat] Simerini, 21 May 2008.
Christofias, D. (2007) ‘08.07.07 Omilia tou G.G tis KE AKEL Sintrofou Dimitri Christofia apo to Vima tis Ektaktis Pagkiprias Sindiaskepsis tou AKEL [Speech of the G.S of AKEL’s C.C Comrade Dimitri Christofias at the Extraordinary Pan-Cyprian Congress of AKEL], available at [http://www.akel.org.cy], accessed on 25 November 2008.
Christofias, D. (2008) Dimitris Christofias: Programma Diakivernisis [Dimitris Christofias: Programme of Governance]. Nicosia: Dimitris Christofias Presidential Campaign
Team.
Drousiotis, M. (2007) Stratigiki Diemvolisis tou AKEL [A Strategy of Penetrating AKEL], Politis, 29 August 2007.
Drousiotis, M. (2008) ‘Olo to Paraskinio apo ton Kasoulidi ston Christofia’ [The Whole of the Backstage from Kasoulides to Christofias], Politis, 24 February 2008.
EurActiv (2005) ‘Turkish Cypriot Expectations from the European Union’, 12 October, available on [http://www.euractiv.com/en/enlargement/turkish-cypriots-expectations-european-union/article-145687], accessed on 10 January 2009).
EurActiv (2008) ‘Cypriot Election Brings Fresh Reunification Hope’, 18 February 2008, available on [http://www.euractiv.com/en/elections/cypriot-election-brings-fresh-reunification-hope/article-170370], accessed on 10 January 2009.
GPO (2008) ‘Survey in Cyprus’ carried out on behalf of ‘Haravgi’ newspaper (unpublished presentation of survey results), 2 November 2008.
Kasoulides, I. (2008) Programma Diakivernisis Ioanni Kasoulide’ [Ioannis Kasoulides Programme of Governance]. Nicosia: Ioannis Kasoulides Presidential Campaign Team.
Kasoulides, I. (2008b) 153 + 1 Anekplirotes Iposchesis tou Tassou Papadopoulou [153 + 1 Unfulfilled Promises of Tassos Papadopoulos], Koinoniki Simmachia yia tin Kipro tou 21 Aiona, 14 January 2008, available from [http://www.kypros21.com/archives/735], accessed on 10 January 2009.
Konstantinides, F. (2008) ‘Oliki Anatropi’ (Total Inversion) Eleftherotypia, 18 February 2008.
KYPE (2002) ‘AKEL – Proedrikes – Ypostiriksi Ipopsifiotitas Tassou Papadopoulou’ [AKEL – Presidentials Elections – Support for Tassos Papadopoulos Candidacy] 28 July 2002.
KYPE (2007) ‘Sinantisis Papadopoulou Talat’ [Papadopoulos-Talat Meetings] 23 May 2007.
KYPE (2007b) ‘Christofias: Sinentefksi sto KYPE’ [Christofias: Interview to KYPE] 2 August 2007.
Ministry of Finance (2007) ‘Proipologismos 2008: Parousiasi sto Ipourgiko Simvoulio’ (Budget 2008: Presentation to the Ministerial Council) available from [http://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/MOF. nsf/C47AF626A7938122C2257547002D812B/$file/presentationBudget08_%20%CE%A5%CE%A3.pdf] accessed on 20 January, 2009.
Moratinos, M.A. (2008) ‘Tasso Papadopoulos: A Man Who Understood His People Very Well’ Greek
American News Agency, 17 December 2008, available on [http://www.Greekamericannewsagency.com/gana/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3929&Itemid=83], accessed on 10 January 2008.
Papadopoulos, T. (2008) ‘Gia tin Lisi pou mas Aksizi’ [For the Solution we Deserve] Nicosia: Tassos Papadopoulos Campaign Team.
Phileleftheros (2008) ‘Paraskinio apo ton Archiepiskopo’ [Background from the Archbishop]), 22 February 2008.
RIK (2007) ‘13Ë Pagkipria Erevna Politikis Koultouras kai Simperiforas’ [Pan-Cyprian Survey on Political Culture and Behaviour] carried out by Public Issue and CYMAR, 25 November 2007.
RIK (2008) ‘Dimoskopisi – Ekloges 2008’ [Poll – Elections 2008] carried out by CYMAR, 26 September 2008.
Sigma Channel (2008) ‘Exit Poll’ Managed by European University Cyprus, 17 and 24 February 2008.
Simerini (2008) ‘Pagkiprio Sinedrio DISY – Anastasiades – Kasoulides’ [Pan-Cyprian Congress DISY – Anastasiades – Kasoulides], 19 January 2008.
Simerini (2008b) ‘Mavres Tripes Politikis Papadopoulou’ [Black Holes in Papadopoulos’ Policy] 9 February 2008.
Simerini (2008c) ‘Vasiliou; Den ine Anti-Evropaistis’ [Vasiliou? He is Not an Anti-Europeanist] 22 February 2008.
Simerini (2008d) ‘Sofokleous: O Christofias den Theli tin Evropi’ [Sofokleous: Christofias Does Not Want Europe] 21 February 2008.
Simerini (2008e) ‘Ohi sti Sinthiki Psifizi to AKEL’ [AKEL Votes No to the Treaty] 23 June 2008.
Smirlis, G. (2008) ‘Oi Adinamies ton Dimoskopiseon’ [The Weaknesses of Polls], Politis, 14 February 2008.
Smith, H. (2003) ‘Tassos Papadopoulos: “Turk-basher” who might just reunify the country,’ The Guardian, 17 February 2003.
Verheugen, G. (2004) ‘Statement to the European Parliament’ Turkish Embassy Archives, 21 April 2004, available from [http://www.turkishembassy.com/II/O/Cyprus], accessed on 10 January 2008.
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“The February 2008 Presidential Election in the Republic of Cyprus: The Context, Dynamics and Outcome in Perspective”. 2018. Cyprus Review 21 (1): 97-122. https://cyprusreview.org/index.php/cr/article/view/221.